Euphorbia of India - Indian species and endemic distribution
- The Plant Studio
- Jan 4, 2025
- 4 min read
Of the estimated 2000 species of Euphorbia worldwide, it is estimated that in India there are about 100 species that are found growing in the wild of which about 40 of them are endemic. All the different forms of Euphorbia - geophytes, shrubs and trees are found in India.
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In the twenty first century, about 15 new species have been discovered and published from India including Euphorbia gokakensis, Euphorbia lakshminarasimhanii, Euphorbia sahyadrica, Euphorbia vajravelui, Euphorbia seshachalamensis, Euphorbia belagaviensis, Euphorbia venkatarajui, with Euphorbia ravii being among the newest ones.
We have compiled this list based on our secondary research of resources available in the public domain including the articles published by experts in this field over the last few decades. Our research does not claim to be an authority on Euphorbia or its distribution in India. This is list is also not to be construed as complete and will be updated from time to time based on the new information that becomes available in the public domain in future. However, we do expect critique of this list and also corrections that will help in making this list more exhaustive.
We do strongly urge all connoisseurs, growers, collectors and traders of rare plants to use this list only as reference to increase their knowledge of Euphorbia distribution in India and appreciate how it makes the flora of the planet richer. Remember to be a responsible connoisseur, grower, collector and trader – not to exploit plants for your personal gains – commercial or otherwise.
Name | Synonymn/Common Name | Location State | Location Area |
Euphorbia antiquorum | Euphorbia mayuranathanii (?) | Andhra Pradesh | Eastern Ghats |
Euphorbia belagaviensis sp.nov. |
| Karnataka |
|
Euphorbia caducifolia |
| Rajasthan |
|
Euphorbia cattimandoo |
| Andhra Pradesh |
|
Euphorbia clarkeana |
| Uttar Pradesh | Shankergarh, Allahabad district |
Euphorbia cognata | Euphorbia cashmeriana |
| Himalayas |
Euphorbia concanensis | Konkan spurge | Maharashtra, Goa | Konkan |
Euphorbia cornigera |
| Himachal Pradesh | Himalayas |
Euphorbia corrigioloides |
|
| South India |
Euphorbia cristata |
|
| South India |
Euphorbia cythophora |
|
| North and Central India |
Euphorbia deccanensis var. deccanensis |
| Telengana |
|
Euphorbia deccanensis var. nallamalayana |
| Telengana |
|
Euphorbia dracunculoides |
| Haryana |
|
Euphorbia drupifera |
|
|
|
Euphorbia elegans |
|
| West, East and South India |
Euphorbia epiphylloides |
| Andaman & Nicobar |
|
Euphorbia esula |
| Jammu & Kashmir |
|
Euphorbia falcata |
| Jammu & Kashmir |
|
Euphorbia fusiformis | Euphorbia acaulis, Euphorbia khandallensis |
| NE of Himalayan foothills |
Euphorbia geniculata |
| Jammu & Kashmir |
|
Euphorbia gokakensis sp. nov. |
| Karnataka | Belgaum district |
Euphorbia graminea |
|
|
|
Euphorbia granulata |
|
|
|
Euphorbia helioscopia |
|
| North India |
Euphorbia heterophylla |
|
| North and Central India |
Euphorbia hirta |
|
|
|
Euphorbia hyssopifolia |
| Maharashtra |
|
Euphorbia indica |
|
|
|
Euphorbia jacquemontii |
| Himachal Pradesh | Kullu |
Euphorbia jodhpurensis |
| Rajasthan | Todgarh-Raoli wildlife sanctuary |
Euphorbia kadapensis |
| Andhra Pradesh | Palakonda hills, Kadapa district |
Euphorbia kanaorica | Euphorbia polytimetica, Euphorbia prorepens |
| Western Himalaya |
Euphorbia lacei | Euphorbia barnhatii |
|
|
Euphorbia lactea |
|
|
|
Euphorbia lakshminarasimhanii |
| Maharashtra | Konkan |
Euphorbia lathyris |
|
| Eastern and Northern Himalayas |
Euphorbia linearifolia |
|
|
|
Euphorbia longistyla |
|
|
|
Euphorbia maddenii |
| Gujrat |
|
Euphorbia meenae |
| Tamil Nadu, Karnataka | Western Ghats, Nilgiri Hills |
Euphorbia microphylla |
|
|
|
Euphorbia milii var. splendens |
|
|
|
Euphorbia neriifolia | Indian spurge tree | West Bengal | South Bengal |
Euphorbia nivulia | Leafy Milk Hedge, Holy Milk Hedge, Dog's Tongue, Katathohar |
| Northern and Central India |
Euphorbia orbiculata |
|
| North India |
Euphorbia pallens | Euphorbia atoto |
|
|
Euphorbia panchganiensis | Euphorbia nana (?) | Maharashtra | Panchgani plateau |
Euphorbia peplus |
| Jammu & Kashmir |
|
Euphorbia pilosa |
|
| Himalayas |
Euphorbia prostrata |
|
| North India |
Euphorbia pulcherrima |
|
|
|
Euphorbia pycnostegia var. zornioides |
|
|
|
Euphorbia ravii |
| Andhra Pradesh | Nigidi hills, Ananthapuramu district |
Euphorbia rosea |
|
|
|
Euphorbia rothiana | Common hill spurge, dudhi |
| Peninsular India |
Euphorbia royleana | Royle's Spurge |
| Western Himalayas |
Euphorbia sahyadrica |
|
|
|
Euphorbia santapaui | Santapau cactus |
| Western Ghats |
Euphorbia senguptae |
| Telengana | Guvvalacheruvu, Cuddapah District |
Euphorbia serpens |
|
| All India |
Euphorbia seshachalamensis |
| Andhra Pradesh | Seshachalam Hills |
Euphorbia sikkimensis | Euphorbia chrysocoma | Sikkim |
|
Euphorbia stracheyi |
|
| Himalayas |
Euphorbia susanholmesiae |
|
|
|
Euphorbia telanganensis |
|
|
|
Euphorbia thomsoniana |
| Jammu & Kashmir |
|
Euphorbia thymifolia | Thyme leaves spurge |
|
|
Euphorbia tibetica |
| Ladakh |
|
Euphorbia tirucalli | Indian Spurge Tree |
|
|
Euphorbia tortilis |
|
|
|
Euphorbia trigona |
|
|
|
Euphorbia vajravelui |
| Tamil Nadu |
|
Euphorbia vasudevaraoi |
| Karnataka |
|
Euphorbia vasudevaraoi |
| Karnataka | Ballari district |
Euphorbia venkatarajui |
| Andhra Pradesh | Damaracherla Mandal, Nalgonda District |
Euphorbia virgata |
|
|
|
Euphorbia wallichii |
| Jammu & Kashmir |
|
Euphorbia yadgirensis sp. Nov |
| Karnataka | Rayangole village, Yadgiri District |
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